Legal Scoop on Southwest Florida Real Estate

In the past few months, several clients have contacted me with questions regarding property that had been obtained through tax deeds. For example, one client contacted me to discuss property that had been purchased from an individual who obtained the property through a tax deed sale two years earlier. At the recent purchase, the client had obtained an owner's title policy; however, there was an exception to this policy for anyone claiming by, through or under the prior owner whose title to the property had been disgorged by the tax deed sale. My client intended to develop the property into a multi-unit residential complex and wanted to be certain that they could provide clear title to the eventual third-party purchasers.

Background

Prior to a property being sold at auction via a tax sale, several things must have occurred or, in some cases, not occurred. By way of example, let's say that “Adam” is an individual who owns a 10 acre tract of vacant land in Lee County, Florida. After the 2008 real estate crash, Adam fell on hard times and failed to pay the 2008 ad valorem taxes due and payable on March 1, 2009. On April 1, 2009, the taxes for Adam's property were deemed delinquent and the tax collector, as required by law, advertised Adam's property (along with other delinquent properties) once a week for three consecutive weeks for the sale of a tax certificate on the delinquent 2008 taxes. Once the delinquent properties had been properly advertised, the tax collector established an on-line auction for a tax certificate for the delinquent 2008 taxes.

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In my household, a letter from the county property appraiser or the county tax collector is typically met with a "what-now" groan because it's rare for good news to come from those offices. If you're an agricultural land owner, you may have recently received such a letter from your local property appraiser notifying you that your agricultural tax classification for the 2011 tax year has been denied. And while a groan may be the proper response, tossing this letter in a pile and ignoring it is not - because you now only have 30 days to appeal this denial to the county's Value Adjustment Board.

An agricultural classification can save a property owner tens of thousands of dollars in property tax owed to the local government, and according to the Lee County Property Appraiser's Agricultural Division, agricultural classification denials for Lee County were mailed on or about June 27, 2011. Typically, the rationale for denial is that the property is not being "used primarily for bona fide agricultural purposes" as required by F.S. 193.461(3)(b). Any appeal of this determination must be timely filed, and evidence and testimony must be presented at a hearing to support the contention that a bona fide agricultural use existed on the property as of January 1, 2011. The statute sets forth 7 factors to be considered in determining whether a "good faith commercial use of the land" was in place:

1. The length of time the land has been so used.
2. Whether the use has been continuous.
3. The purchase price paid.
4. Size, as it relates to specific agricultural use, but a minimum acreage may not be required for agricultural assessment.
5. Whether an indicated effort has been made to care sufficiently and adequately for the land in accordance with accepted commercial agricultural practices, including, without limitation, fertilizing, liming, tilling, mowing, reforesting, and other accepted agricultural practices.
6. Whether the land is under lease and, if so, the effective length, terms, and conditions of the lease.
7. Such other factors as may become applicable.

These appeals can become extremely complicated, and without the presentation of competent, relevant evidence and testimony, a property owner's chances of success can be very low. So, if you tossed that denial letter in a "to-do" pile, dig it out and consider whether you would like to appeal the denial. The filing fee to appeal the denial is as low as $15, however waiting too long to address the issue can be quite costly.

The filing period for submitting applications for ad valorem property tax exemptions to the county Property Appraisers opened January 1, 2011.  If you believe you might qualify for such exemption for your 2011 property taxes, you must file your application with the Property Appraiser before March 1, 2011.  The two most common exemptions applied for include:

The filing period for submitting applications for ad valorem property tax exemptions to the county Property Appraisers opened January 1, 2011. If you believe you might qualify for such exemption for your 2011 property taxes, you must file your application with the Property Appraiser before March 1, 2011. The two most common exemptions applied for include:

• Homestead Exemption: Those who qualify for a homestead exemption can seek up to two (2) $25,000 exemptions (for a potential combined total of $50,000) from their home's assessed value. Basic criteria are that the applicant is a bona fide Florida resident possessing title to the property and residing at the property on January 1, 2011 as their permanent residence. There are other criteria and many exceptions as well.
• Agricultural Exemption: The property must have been used for a bona fide commercial agricultural use as of January 1, 2011. The applicant is asked to submit various supporting information, including financial documents, to support an agricultural classification on the property.  

Other ad valorem real property exemptions include, among others:

• Senior Exemption
• Widow/Widower Exemption
• Veterans Disability Exemption

There are a host of exemptions applicable to tangible personal property as well. Applications for these exemptions, as well as additional information on each, can be found on your local Property Appraiser's website.

For those interested in some recent case law addressing the homestead and agricultural exemptions, see below.

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